{"id":67359,"date":"2025-07-08T08:17:49","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T12:17:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/?p=67359"},"modified":"2026-03-26T06:48:52","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:48:52","slug":"cryogenic-storage-with-simcenter-amesim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/cryogenic-storage-with-simcenter-amesim\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring cryogenic storage with Simcenter Amesim: Why it matters in engineering"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Cryogenic storage and distribution \u2014 handling substances at extremely low temperatures \u2014 might sound like something out of science fiction, yet it plays a crucial role in many engineering applications. From aerospace rockets to medical preservation, superconducting technologies or liquified natural gas (LNG) in ships, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cryogenics\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cryogenics\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cryogenic<\/a> systems are everywhere. But how do we design these systems to be efficient with a maximum level of safety? Using <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/plm.sw.siemens.com\/en-US\/simcenter\/simulation-test\/thermo-fluid-system-simulation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/plm.sw.siemens.com\/en-US\/simcenter\/simulation-test\/thermo-fluid-system-simulation\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">thermofluid system simulation<\/a><\/strong> can help do just that&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this blog post, we will explore how Simcenter Amesim, a top-tier simulation platform, empowers engineers and enthusiasts alike to model and optimize cryogenic storage systems efficiently using a simulation example inspired by a very well-known NASA experiment of cryogenic tank self-pressurization <a href=\"#reference\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Challenges of cryogenic storage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cryogenic storage involves storing fluids (hydrogen, nitrogen, natural gas) that are gaseous in ambient conditions. Decreasing their temperature below a certain point changes them into very cold liquids, critical in certain applications. The storage of these cryogenic liquids requires specialized insulated containers, like dewars or cryogenic tanks, to maintain low temperatures, prevent heat transfer, and ensure safety. But with low temperatures come unique challenges such as thermal management, pressure buildup and boil-off. Dealing with challenges requires advanced simulation capabilities to frontload any safety issues that might occur during the product life cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/Cryogenic-tank_reduced-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67404\" style=\"width:450px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/Cryogenic-tank_reduced-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/Cryogenic-tank_reduced-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/Cryogenic-tank_reduced-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/Cryogenic-tank_reduced-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/Cryogenic-tank_reduced-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/Cryogenic-tank_reduced-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/Cryogenic-tank_reduced-900x600.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Liquid Hydrogen storage<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simulating cryogenic storage in Simcenter Amesim<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Simcenter Amesim offers comprehensive tools for modeling and analyzing cryogenic storage systems. It comes with a set of key components such as cryogenic tanks that enable simulations that closely represent real-world conditions, including factors like gas-liquid interaction and thermal exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Core capabilities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Heat and mass exchange at the liquid\/gas interface<a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simulate the liquid and gas phases within a storage tank<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Model scenarios including filling and emptying, self-pressurization and boil-off<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Use Simcenter Amesim for cryogenic storage?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Simcenter Amesim comes with a library of fuel cell and cryogenic fluid storage libraries. Compatibility between these multiple thermofluid libraries and the possibility to couple with detailed lumped thermal model facilitates system-wide integration, enhancing a holistic evaluation in engineering projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With these capabilities, from the beginning of the design phase, the user can easily estimate the effect in terms of pressure buildup and temperature caused by possible heat ingress in a cryogenic tank. Thanks to the addition of a film layer at the free surface of the tank, pressures and temperatures are captured with increased precision to allow engineers to better size insulation systems. This results in 3-node cryogenic tank model \u2013 bulk, film and ullage.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69fbb10d24ae4&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"355\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/three_node_tank-600x355.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67472\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/three_node_tank-600x355.png 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/three_node_tank-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/three_node_tank-900x533.png 900w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/three_node_tank.png 903w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Three-node cryogenic tank in Simcenter Amesim<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>As for the tank geometry, it can be of any 3D shape \u2013 thanks to the <strong>Simcenter Amesim<\/strong> tank CAD mapping tool, we can generate the tank liquid height as a function of volume.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A practical example: NASA&#8217;s experiments of self-pressurization in a liquid hydrogen tank<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>With capabilities explained above, we can build a Simcenter Amesim model focusing on boil-off and self-pressurization in a cryogenic tank. This demo is based on experiments at NASA&#8217;s Lewis Research Center, exploring liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage in a 4.89 m<sup>3<\/sup> spherical tank subject to a constant heat ingress \u2014findings published by Hasan et al. [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As for the setup of the experiments, the LH2 tank was enclosed in a cylindrical cryoshroud. The shroud may be cooled with liquid nitrogen or heated above ambient with electrical resistances to maintain a certain temperature around the tank that we call <strong>Tamb<\/strong> in this demo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Understanding boil-off rates<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Three boil-off test cases were performed at 83 K, 294 K, and 350 K of ambient temperature. To cool the upper section, the tank is filled with LH2 to 95 % capacity. The vent pressure is then gradually reduced to the backpressure control system&#8217;s operating pressure of 117 kPa. The boil-off rate is monitored until it stabilizes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Simcenter Amesim model used to perform this test case is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69fbb10d26955&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"859\" height=\"472\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/boil_off_model.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/boil_off_model.png 859w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/boil_off_model-600x330.png 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/boil_off_model-768x422.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 859px) 100vw, 859px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hydrogen boil-off model<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the above model, GH2 is vented from the tank through a relief valve. Heat is also transferred from the exterior to the vapor on one side, and from the exterior to the liquid on the other side. For each case, a heat transfer coefficient is set using a variable thermal conductance to fit the average heat flux values absorbed, as shown in the table below. The thermal conductances are piloted with the wet and dry areas to compute the heat flows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Experiment<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Ambient temperature [K]<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Heat flux [W\/m\u00b2]<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Exp 1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">83<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0.35<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Exp 2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">294<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Exp 3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">350<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The final values of the boil-off rates (expressed in SCMH) from the model, after 50 h of simulation, are pretty close, as shown below next to the steady-state boil off rates of the experiment.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69fbb10d29379&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"280\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/boil_off_results-1024x280.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/boil_off_results-1024x280.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/boil_off_results-600x164.png 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/boil_off_results-768x210.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/boil_off_results-900x246.png 900w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/boil_off_results.png 1074w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Boil-off rates (simulation vs experiments)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Exploring self-pressurization dynamics<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Self-pressurization in a cryogenic tank is basically when you leave the tank sitting in \u201chotter\u201d environment, LH2 will evaporate and increase the tank pressure \u2013 which may cause a safety issue at some point, so it\u2019s important to assess this pressure buildup in the cryogenic tank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Self-pressurization tests were conducted at different ambient temperatures: 83 K, 294 K and 350 K. The tank initial fill level was 84%, the initial pressure was 103 kPa. The goal here is to set up the model to match the time-series values of tank pressure and check whether time-series values of temperatures are within the correct ranges.<a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><a id=\"_msocom_2\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69fbb10d2a4c4&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"617\" height=\"382\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/self_press_model.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/self_press_model.png 617w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/self_press_model-600x371.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 617px) 100vw, 617px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Self-pressurization model<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the model above, there&#8217;s no venting. LH2 is stored and the variable thermal conductances are set to match the average heat fluxes exchanged with the ambient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Just like the boil-off tests, there are 3 self-pressurization tests, lasting respectively 20 h, 18 h and 14 h. Pressure values are shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69fbb10d2b480&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"634\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/self_press_results-1024x634.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/self_press_results-1024x634.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/self_press_results-600x371.png 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/self_press_results-768x475.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/self_press_results-900x557.png 900w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/self_press_results.png 1047w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Pressure values (simulation vs experiments)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>We can see above that for the pressurization tests, the pressures computed by the model exhibit a similar pattern to the tests. They deviate from the experiment by an absolute maximum ranging from 1.5 to 6 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Takeaway<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>As we saw in the current demo, with a cryogenic tank model divided into <strong>three nodes <\/strong>\u2014 ullage, film and bulk, we can capture important phenomena such as boil-off rate and self-pressurization. For enhanced temperature predictions in ullage where different temperature layers can exist, further discretization of the upper part could prove beneficial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As you\u2019ve discovered, cryogenic storage is a pivotal technology shaping the future of industries relying on hydrogen and other low-temperature applications. Simcenter Amesim offers not just a platform, but a comprehensive toolset to visualize, model, and optimize these systems. By leveraging its capabilities, you can significantly advance your understanding and design of cryogenic storage solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now is the time to translate curiosity into action. Engage with our free online trial to experience firsthand the precision and power of Simcenter Amesim. Dive deeper into the world of cryogenics and unlock the potential solutions it holds for your projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, our team at Siemens is ready to support and guide you. Reach out to our experts to tailor solutions to your specific needs and enhance your journey through the fascinating landscape of cryogenic engineering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"reference\">[1] M. M. Hasan, C. S. Lin, and N. T. Vandresar, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/citations\/19910011011\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/citations\/19910011011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-pressurization of a flightweight liquid hydrogen storage tank subjected to low heat flux,<\/a>&#8221; prepared for the ASME\/AIChE National Heat Transfer Conference, Minneapolis, July 28-31, 1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">This feature is part of the Simcenter Amesim 2504 release:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/whats-new-in-simcenter-systems-2504\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read release blog<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/trials.sw.siemens.com\/en-US\/trials\/simcenter-amesim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try Simcenter Amesim<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.g2.com\/products\/simcenter-amesim\/reviews?utm_source=review-widget\" title=\"Read reviews of Simcenter Amesim on G2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"full-width\" style=\"max-width: 200px\" alt=\"Read Simcenter Amesim reviews on G2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.g2.com\/products\/simcenter-amesim\/widgets\/stars?color=gray&amp;type=read\" \/><\/a><script>(function(a,b,c,d){window.fetch(\"https:\/\/www.g2.com\/products\/simcenter-amesim\/rating_schema.json\").then(e=>e.json()).then(f=>{c=a.createElement(b);c.type=\"application\/ld+json\";c.text=JSON.stringify(f);d=a.getElementsByTagName(b)[0];d.parentNode.insertBefore(c,d);});})(document,\"script\");<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cryogenic storage and distribution \u2014 handling substances at extremely low temperatures \u2014 might sound like something out of science fiction,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45521,"featured_media":67404,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spanish_translation":"","french_translation":"","german_translation":"","italian_translation":"","polish_translation":"","japanese_translation":"","chinese_translation":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[179,1],"tags":[5,63792,16,21],"industry":[125,89,150,155,130],"product":[590],"coauthors":[38058,45824],"class_list":["post-67359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-updates","category-news","tag-cae-simulation","tag-hydrogen","tag-system-simulation","tag-technology-innovation","industry-aerospace-defense","industry-automotive-transportation","industry-energy-utilities","industry-industrial-machinery-heavy-equipment","industry-space-systems","product-simcenter-amesim"],"featured_image_url":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/07\/Cryogenic-tank_reduced-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45521"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67359"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67359\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70300,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67359\/revisions\/70300"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67359"},{"taxonomy":"industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry?post=67359"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=67359"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=67359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}