{"id":26750,"date":"2021-06-02T20:00:21","date_gmt":"2021-06-03T00:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/?p=26750"},"modified":"2026-03-26T06:29:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:29:44","slug":"is-e-bike-noise-an-issue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/is-e-bike-noise-an-issue\/","title":{"rendered":"Is e-bike noise an issue? Quit whining!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Spring is here&nbsp;and&nbsp;summer is coming!&nbsp;So&nbsp;after&nbsp;spending (part of) my winter holidays analyzing the&nbsp;vibrations on a snowboard&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/ski-or-snowboard-which-ones-scientifically-more-exciting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">and proving why it&#8217;s better than skiing, check here!<\/a>),&nbsp;I\u2019ve&nbsp;decided to take out my e-bike for a ride.&nbsp;Another good&nbsp;reason to do&nbsp;so, is the fact that today &#8211; June 3 &#8211; is&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Bicycle_Day\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">World&nbsp;Bicycle&nbsp;Day<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">E-bike sounds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">E-bikes are becoming more and more popular these days, and&nbsp;a lot of&nbsp;different brands exist. An important criterium for end users&nbsp;is their&nbsp;operating range. But&nbsp;also the e-bike noise is an&nbsp;important aspect for both manufacturers and end users.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When talking about&nbsp;\u201cnoise\u201d,&nbsp;I&nbsp;do not only mean the&nbsp;decibel&nbsp;(dB)&nbsp;value of the&nbsp;overall noise level. This dB value is something you typically measure with&nbsp;a sound level meter or via an ISO sound power test.&nbsp;I&nbsp;wanted&nbsp;to get a better understanding of the acoustic quality comfort that e-bike riders experience.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So I&nbsp;took&nbsp;my&nbsp;backpack&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/products\/simcenter\/scadas-xs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Simcenter SCADAS XS<\/a> with its binaural headset to record some sounds.&nbsp;As the measurements took place outside, I&nbsp;added&nbsp;the&nbsp;windcaps&nbsp;to&nbsp;protect&nbsp;the&nbsp;built-in microphones from disturbing wind turbulent noise.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"978\" height=\"494\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/headset.jpg\" alt=\"Binaural headset with windcaps\" class=\"wp-image-26764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/headset.jpg 978w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/headset-600x303.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/headset-768x388.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/headset-900x455.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 978px) 100vw, 978px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Binaural headset with windcaps<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Since&nbsp;the SCADAS XS has&nbsp;an additional 12 channels&nbsp;available,&nbsp;I&nbsp;decided&nbsp;to take it a step further and&nbsp;instrument&nbsp;the e-bike with more&nbsp;sensors.&nbsp;After all, why not?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Instrumenting the e-bike<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Next&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;binaural&nbsp;headset, i&nbsp;added&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;sensors:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>7&nbsp;accelerometers&nbsp;at different&nbsp;locations on the e-bike: handle bars, suspension,&nbsp;saddle and frame<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An&nbsp;extra&nbsp;microphone&nbsp;with&nbsp;windscreen&nbsp;close&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;electric motor&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GPS&nbsp;signal&nbsp;for&nbsp;speed,&nbsp;position and&nbsp;altitude<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GoPro camera&nbsp;to&nbsp;document&nbsp;where&nbsp;i was&nbsp;riding<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_114830255-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Instrumented e-bike\" class=\"wp-image-26754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_114830255-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_114830255-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_114830255-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_114830255-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_114830255-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_114830255-900x506.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Instrumented e-bike<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>All&nbsp;of this&nbsp;sensor information&nbsp;allows&nbsp;me&nbsp;to&nbsp;not&nbsp;only&nbsp;look at&nbsp;the&nbsp;sound (quality) aspect of e-bike, but also to analyze its vibration behavior. How will the suspension perform on different road surfaces? Will the bike frame deform a lot? And how about the&nbsp;ride&nbsp;comfort at both the handle bars&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;saddle.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"889\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/HBV-sensors.jpg\" alt=\"Sensors for e-bike ride comfort\" class=\"wp-image-26762\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/HBV-sensors.jpg 889w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/HBV-sensors-600x190.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/HBV-sensors-768x243.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 889px) 100vw, 889px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sensors for e-bike ride comfort<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"957\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/other-sensors.jpg\" alt=\"Sensors at the e-bike suspension and electric motor\" class=\"wp-image-26768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/other-sensors.jpg 957w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/other-sensors-600x226.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/other-sensors-768x289.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/other-sensors-900x339.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 957px) 100vw, 957px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sensors at the e-bike suspension and electric motor<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Once&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;cables&nbsp;were&nbsp;safely&nbsp;taped&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;bicycle frame,&nbsp;it&nbsp;was a matter of&nbsp;seconds&nbsp;to&nbsp;plug-in the different sensors to the SCADAS XS, push the \u201cRead TEDS\u201d button&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;sensor&nbsp;settings&nbsp;and&nbsp;to&nbsp;put&nbsp;the&nbsp;pocket-sized XS in my backpack and pedal away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls preload=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/videos.mentor-cdn.com\/mgc\/videos\/5400\/ed652dab-3141-431f-bc05-d07767eb876a-en-US-video.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Simcenter SCADAS XS in action<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The&nbsp;e-bike test ride<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rather than planning very strict measurement scenarios, I decided to take advantage of the great weather and simply ride around. As this is the &#8220;real-life&#8221; usage of the e-bike, it covers many different user scenarios. It includes cycling on&nbsp;different road surfaces: Belgian blocks (cobblestones),&nbsp;asphalt road, gravel, etc.&nbsp;to focus on the vibrations, deformation and ride comfort.&nbsp;Going uphill and downhill reveals the effect of different loads on the electric motor.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Just before starting each measurement, I&nbsp;quickly&nbsp;checked all&nbsp;sensors and&nbsp;signals via the&nbsp;wirelessly&nbsp;connected tablet.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_115101458-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Checking the signals using a wirelessly connected tablet\" class=\"wp-image-26755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_115101458-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_115101458-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_115101458-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_115101458-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_115101458-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/PXL_20210402_115101458-900x506.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Checking the signals using a wirelessly connected tablet<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Once&nbsp;that was OK, a single push of the button starts the measurement. All data from all sensors is securely saved on the internal memory card inside the SCADAS&nbsp;XS. The internal battery of the SCADAS XS allows me to take measurements for a full day&nbsp;in full confidence.&nbsp;The only thing I needed to do is push the pedals (with a little help from the electric motor).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What&nbsp;can&nbsp;you&nbsp;do&nbsp;with&nbsp;all&nbsp;this&nbsp;data?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As&nbsp;I&nbsp;measured&nbsp;a mix of different&nbsp;sensors,&nbsp;a lot of data is available that gives detailed insight into the dynamic behavior of the e-bike in&nbsp;both&nbsp;the sound&nbsp;and&nbsp;vibration&nbsp;domain.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a first step,&nbsp;simply visualizing and replaying&nbsp;the&nbsp;time data in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Testlab&nbsp;Neo&nbsp;Desktop&nbsp;shows the correlation between certain events&nbsp;and&nbsp;signals.&nbsp;Selecting&nbsp;the&nbsp;sensors&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;pivot&nbsp;table&nbsp;automatically&nbsp;adds&nbsp;the corresponding signals in the appropriate displays in a&nbsp;nice&nbsp;full-screen&nbsp;layout. How intuitive can it be!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls preload=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBIKE-DesktopNeo-1.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dashboard view using Simcenter Testlab Neo Desktop<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Notice&nbsp;that&nbsp;you&nbsp;cannot&nbsp;only&nbsp;select&nbsp;time&nbsp;signals&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;individual&nbsp;sensors, but&nbsp;also&nbsp;combine&nbsp;it&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;video data from the&nbsp;GoPro or&nbsp;GPS&nbsp;data&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;automatically&nbsp;visualized&nbsp;in&nbsp;Google&nbsp;Maps. You can zoom in to specific segments, look at the frequency content and filter away certain annoying sounds during replay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Vibration&nbsp;comfort is a big deal<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;measured&nbsp;vibrations&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;visualize frame and suspension deformations and also to quantify the ride comfort using ISO human body vibration standards. Some examples are shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Using the measured vibrations on the bicycle frame\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>time domain&nbsp;animation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/community.sw.siemens.com\/s\/article\/OMG-What-is-OMA-Operating-Modal-Analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">operational modal analysis<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls preload=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/3-ebike-animation.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Animation of the e-bike frame and suspension vibrations<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Using the measured vibrations on the front suspension\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>time&nbsp;domain&nbsp;animation&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/community.sw.siemens.com\/s\/article\/what-is-an-operational-deflection-shape-ods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">operational&nbsp;deflection&nbsp;shapes<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>characterizing&nbsp;the&nbsp;damping&nbsp;efficiency&nbsp;of the suspension as a&nbsp;function&nbsp;of&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-9-frf-1024x305.jpg\" alt=\"Front suspension characterization\" class=\"wp-image-29034\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-9-frf-1024x305.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-9-frf-600x179.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-9-frf-768x229.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-9-frf-900x268.jpg 900w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-9-frf.jpg 1180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Front suspension characterization<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Evaluation of the ride\u00a0comfort (based\u00a0on ISO2631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/webinar\/human-body-vibration\/30787\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">human body&nbsp;vibration<\/a>\u00a0filters)<ul><li>handlebar&nbsp;vibrations&nbsp;for&nbsp;hand-arm&nbsp;vibrational&nbsp;comfort&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>saddle&nbsp;vibration&nbsp;for&nbsp;whole-body&nbsp;vibrational&nbsp;comfort&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>comparing the ride comfort on different road surfaces<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-10-VDV-1024x339.jpg\" alt=\"Vibration Dose Value (VDV) according to ISO2631 - comparing smooth and rough road\" class=\"wp-image-29103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-10-VDV-1024x339.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-10-VDV-600x198.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-10-VDV-768x254.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-10-VDV-900x298.jpg 900w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/07\/blog-10-VDV.jpg 1034w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Vibration Dose Value (VDV) according to ISO2631 &#8211; comparing smooth and rough road<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>It is clear that riding on Belgian Blocks is way less comfortable than riding on a smooth road. Both the animation as well as the ISO standardized VDV values further quantify and confirm this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>But does the e-bike sound right?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019ve covered the vibration aspect of the ride comfort, so let\u2019s now have a look at the e-bike noise (dis)comfort. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I compared the acoustic signals measured at the driver ear position&nbsp;between driving on a smooth road and on Belgian blocks. Living in Belgium,&nbsp;i can assure you that these cobblestone paths are quite popular around here.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls preload=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/4-ebike-SoundQuality.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Comparing the sound quality of the e-bike on different road surfaces<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Next to replaying the sounds and filtering away annoying noises during replay, further processing can be done on the sounds. I used some popular sound quality metrics such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/community.sw.siemens.com\/s\/article\/articulation-index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Articulation Index<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/community.sw.siemens.com\/s\/article\/tone-to-noise-ratio-and-prominence-ratio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prominence Ratio<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/community.sw.siemens.com\/s\/article\/sound-quality-metrics-loudness-and-sones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Time Varying Loudness<\/a>. For completeness, i also added traditional <a href=\"https:\/\/community.sw.siemens.com\/s\/article\/sound-pressure-sound-power-and-sound-intensity-what-s-the-difference\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SPL<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/community.sw.siemens.com\/s\/article\/what-is-the-fourier-transform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Spectrum<\/a>&nbsp;analysis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As expected, the noise caused by the (very) uneven road&nbsp;surface is <a href=\"https:\/\/community.sw.siemens.com\/s\/article\/masking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">masking<\/a>&nbsp;the electric motor whine. Despite the prominence ratio for the&nbsp;smooth road&nbsp;measurement is&nbsp;2 dB higher, all the other metrics report that the cobblestone road has a very negative impact on my acoustic comfort. So,&nbsp;while the motor whine is still present, it\u2019s&nbsp;not&nbsp;strong enough to be perceived.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I will let you in on a secret though. Exterior acoustic measurements without&nbsp;a dedicated, and preferably secluded track can be quite challenging.&nbsp;That\u2019s especially important when dealing with&nbsp;low noise sources, such as electric motors.&nbsp;I\u2019ve mentioned at the beginning that this was a nice spring day. Unfortunately,&nbsp;I was not the only one&nbsp;enjoying the good weather.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls preload=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/5-ebike-birds.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lovely birds disturbing our measurements<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>That is why, for a&nbsp;detailed&nbsp;sound quality evaluation, I\u2019ve decided to conduct additional measurements inside.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Which&nbsp;e-bike&nbsp;sounds best?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I asked&nbsp;some of&nbsp;my colleagues to bring their e-bikes&nbsp;to the office, so we could benchmark different&nbsp;models. In total 4 e-bikes were tested, 3 of which accidentally had the same brand of an electric motor, but differently integrated.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"976\" height=\"549\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBikes-JT.png\" alt=\"4 different e-bikes on the test\" class=\"wp-image-26938\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBikes-JT.png 976w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBikes-JT-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBikes-JT-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBikes-JT-900x506.png 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">4 different e-bikes on the test<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s first compare the sounds from the 4 e-bikes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls preload=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBIKE-OAL.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Comparing the 4 e-bikes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We see (and hear) some clear differences in the measured sound pressure levels, but Bike D has some unusually strong high-frequency content. Let\u2019s have a closer look.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls preload=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBIKE_BIKED.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Interactive audio filtering<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the interactive audio filtering quickly reveals the issue. It seems that the owner of Bike D is suffering from a very prominent brake squeal noise,&nbsp;with peak amplitudes around&nbsp;12.500&nbsp;Hz. &nbsp;Can\u2019t hear it? It might be linked to your age. <a href=\"https:\/\/decibelhearing.com\/hearing-loss-overview\/high-frequency-hearing-loss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">High frequency hearing loss&nbsp;is unfortunately very popular once you hit 50<\/a>.&nbsp;In order to make a fairer comparison, let\u2019s filter this frequency out and listen to the effect on the sound quality of Bike D:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls preload=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBIKE_DFILTERED.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Filtered sound for e-bike D<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Removing the brake squeal noise helped to obtain a more representative sound sample. While level metrics such as loudness, articulation index or sharpness were not strongly affected, we do see the effect as a 15 (!) dB drop in the prominence ratio. That\u2019s quite a fix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Below are the filtered e-bike sounds:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls preload=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBIKE_SQ_ALL.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Filtered e-bike sounds<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bike B and C seem to have very similar sound quality performance.&nbsp;With high articulation index values, prominence ratio at around 7.5 dB and 9 sones of loudness,&nbsp;both&nbsp;e-bikes&nbsp;can be considered very silent and pleasant sounding. Bikes A and D, on the other hand,&nbsp;affect speech intelligibility and result in higher loudness and tonality levels.&nbsp;Bike A especially might be considered as&nbsp;most unpleasant.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do real cyclists agree with those metrics?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The last step of a sound quality analysis process is to conduct a subjective listening test.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/community.sw.siemens.com\/s\/article\/sound-quality-jury-testing#:~:text=The%20Simcenter%20Testlab%20Jury%20Testing,complete%20understand%20of%20their%20responses.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jury Testing<\/a>&nbsp;collects subjective feedback from a group of listeners in order to understand their preference towards one sound or another. This is extremely helpful when&nbsp;benchmarking competitive products, designing new sound quality targets (e.g. how much loudness is too much?) or trying to create&nbsp;combined sound quality metrics that represent a certain&nbsp;product feature (pleasantness, robustness, sportiveness, etc.).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s an example of a typical listening test on our e-bike sound samples:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls preload=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/EBIKE_JT.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jury testing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Each time, a randomly created pair of sounds is played to the juror.&nbsp;The scale of 5 buttons allows to select the preferred e-bike sound when asking: \u201cWhich of these e-bikes would you take on a long ride?\u201d.&nbsp;This type of test (called the&nbsp;Sheffe\u2019s&nbsp;method)&nbsp;gives more freedom when answering since the scale has 5 options:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Definitely A&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rather A than B&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Both would be OK&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rather B than A&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Definitely&nbsp;B&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The same question is asked for the next pairs of e-bike sounds.&nbsp;At the end of the listening test, a preference list shows the ranking of the different e-bikes from most to least preferred. Other methods available in jury testing are A-B comparison, semantic differential, ranking or category judgment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The final step is to verify that the (objective) sound quality metrics (or their combinations)&nbsp;correlate with the (subjective) preference as given by the jurors.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Great things come in small&nbsp;packages<\/strong>:&nbsp;the&nbsp;Simcenter SCADAS XS<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Isn&#8217;t it amazing how many different types of analysis you can do, simply using the measurements we did using the hand-held Simcenter SCADAS XS? That&#8217;s what we call measurement power: maximal testing flexibility using our pocket-size sound and vibration analyzer.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/webinar\/data-acquisition-system\/96135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/XS_webinar.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27212\" width=\"616\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/XS_webinar.png 616w, https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/05\/XS_webinar-600x341.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Want to know how professionals in the bike industry use our testing products ? Checkout the stories on <a href=\"https:\/\/resources.sw.siemens.com\/en-US\/case-study-trek-bicycle-simcenter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">TREK<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/resources.sw.siemens.com\/en-US\/case-study-sram-simcenter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SRAM<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or watch this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/webinar\/data-acquisition-system\/96135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">on-demand webinar<\/a> on &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/webinar\/data-acquisition-system\/96135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Leverage testing performance using a compact test data acquisition system, Simcenter SCADAS XS<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/webinar\/data-acquisition-system\/96135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Watch the Webinar<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>E-bikes become quite popular these days. Besides the operating range, also the generated noise is an important quality aspect for the user.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47817,"featured_media":27295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spanish_translation":"","french_translation":"","german_translation":"","italian_translation":"","polish_translation":"","japanese_translation":"","chinese_translation":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1892,298,658,1887,1890],"industry":[137,139],"product":[584,518,588],"coauthors":[3527,711],"class_list":["post-26750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-durability-testing","tag-electric-vehicle","tag-physical-testing","tag-simcenter-scadas","tag-simcenter-testlab","industry-consumer-products-retail","industry-sporting-goods-toys","product-simcenter-scadas","product-simcenter-testing-solutions","product-simcenter-testlab"],"featured_image_url":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/06\/ebike-blog.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/47817"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26750"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49524,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26750\/revisions\/49524"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26750"},{"taxonomy":"industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry?post=26750"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=26750"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=26750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}