{"id":1023,"date":"2018-10-24T07:41:52","date_gmt":"2018-10-24T14:41:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.plm.automation.siemens.com\/t5\/Simcenter-Blog\/Simcenter-STAR-CCM-v13-06-Finding-the-differences-that-make-a\/ba-p\/534762"},"modified":"2026-03-26T06:08:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:08:54","slug":"simcenter-star-ccm-v13-06-finding-the-differences-that-make-a-difference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/simcenter-star-ccm-v13-06-finding-the-differences-that-make-a-difference\/","title":{"rendered":"Simcenter STAR-CCM+ v13.06: Finding the differences that make a difference\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Can you see the differences between each of the three images in the picture below? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"lia-inline-image-display-wrapper lia-image-align-inline\" style=\"width: 999px\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"A320_3bl_v1306_k019s@330RPM_Pressure@blades_underneath_logo.png\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/09\/A320_3bl_v1306_k019s@330RPM_Pressure@blades_underneath_logo-1.png\" alt=\"A320_3bl_v1306_k019s@330RPM_Pressure@blades_underneath_logo.png\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Backing up a bit, you\u2019re looking at the\u00a0pressure\u00a0contours on the bottom of an impeller in a mixing tank. Each image corresponds to a different operational condition. Looking from left to right, you see\u00a0the\u00a0steady state\u00a0results for 270 rpm, 300 rpm and 330 rpm respectively, from three separate simulations. <span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">\u201c<em><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif\">Small multiples, whether tabular or pictorial, move to the heart of visual reasoning \u2013 to see, distinguish, choose<\/span><\/em>.\u201d notes Eduard Tufte (1995, p. 33)<strong>[1]<\/strong> in one of his seminal books on visualizing information. So, we can \u201csee\u201d differences with this method of visual interrogation. When it comes to choosing a better design or an advantageous operating condition, here\u2019s the real question: In what ways do these differences matter? To answer that question, we need to combine both visual and numerical perspectives.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">In Simcenter STAR-CCM+ v13.06, we\u2019re enabling that combined perspective&nbsp;by leveraging our mature mapper technology, giving us a powerful method to store data within simulation (sim) files. You\u2019ve been able to load, map <em>volume-based simulation history<\/em> (<strong>simh<\/strong>) results and store them in your sim files for some time now. Yet, a good rule for productive data analysis is to always work with the smallest amount of data needed to make decisions. What\u2019s new and exciting is our ability to load, map and store <em>surface-based simulation history<\/em> (<strong>simh<\/strong>) results. Not only will this save you disk space and lower your resource requirements&nbsp;for postprocessing, you&#8217;ll be able to quantify&nbsp;differences for a wide range of comparative scenarios.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">Let\u2019s look again at these three operational conditions. First, we&#8217;ll choose 300 rpm as our baseline .sim file. Now, if we were to store and save the&nbsp;pressure&nbsp;in a simh file for the entire mixing tank, it would be ~515MB. Instead, we&#8217;ll create simh file snapshots for the high and low rpm operating conditions, storing <strong>only the&nbsp;pressure&nbsp;<\/strong>at <strong>just the impeller boundary surfaces<\/strong>. These simh snapshot files are very small, ~1.5MB each.&nbsp;Compared to the<em> volume-based simh file<\/em>, a <em>surface-based simh file<\/em> is ~<strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif\">340X<\/span><\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>times smaller!<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">After mapping the boundary surface simh files, we now have simple Field Functions&nbsp;to reference these other operating condition pressure results within our 300rpm baseline sim file. Referring back to the starting picture at the top of this story, we were able to generate that image, showing all three operating conditions, in the same scene, from <u>one<\/u> baseline .sim file, using just one Simcenter STAR-CCM+ license. Visually informative and convenient for sure, but we still need a&nbsp;critical evaluation. Are these differences significant?&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/videos.mentor-cdn.com\/mgc\/videos\/5400\/f8fac966-e792-4b11-95b1-95e35d53b975-en-US-video.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">The last step is to create two Field Functions:\u00a0<em><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif\">300 rpm (baseline) minus 270 rpm\u00a0<\/span><\/em>and\u00a0<em><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif\">330 rpm minus 300 rpm<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(baseline). In the animation above, we can see that the pressure differences vary notably across each of the impeller blade surfaces. We&#8217;ve got a 10% difference in rpm versus the baseline for both cases, and the numerical differences are roughly in the same range. What is interesting is the variation of pressure over the blade surfaces &#8211; it&#8217;s far from uniform, and different for each blade.\u00a0<em>Please note: These simulation results are steady state \u2013 the impeller is rotated as a visual effect only to show the local variations over all the blades without having to change the view.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">We can use this same basic workflow to examine impellers with differing blade pitches. In the&nbsp;animation below, we are looking at a 36 degree blade pitch, at left, and a 50 degree blade pitch, at right. Despite our side-by-side visual presentation, it\u2019s still difficult to see the local spatial&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif\">pressure<\/span>&nbsp;differences.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/videos.mentor-cdn.com\/mgc\/videos\/5400\/ef6f3b12-7563-4ad1-8494-6a85d919fd62-en-US-video.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">This time, we define the 50 degree blade pitch as our baseline .sim file. Next, we create a simh representation of the 36 degree blade pitch case.&nbsp; And, lastly we use our surface mapper to store the simh pressure results in our baseline .sim file. This example takes a little more work than the previous one \u2013 we need to apply a simple transform independently to each blade and the good news is that this is well within the capabilities of our mapper.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/videos.mentor-cdn.com\/mgc\/videos\/5400\/963f6ad9-5632-41ba-982f-f8fc210b973b-en-US-video.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">The quantitative results presented in the animation above show clearly that the magnitude of the differences between the two blade pitch designs are significant. It&#8217;s also informative to see where the differences on the impeller are the most different. We can see exactly how much the pressure changes on the top and bottom surface of each of the impeller blades.\u00a0<em>Again, please\u00a0note: These simulation results are steady state \u2013 the impeller is rotated as a visual effect only to show the local variations over all the blades without having to change the view.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">We can just as easily look at differences between time steps for an unsteady analysis of&nbsp;our mixing tank. To look at pressure differences between time steps, we first pick a suitable <em>time baseline<\/em>. To avoid start-up fluctuations, the baseline is chosen to match the start of the third full blade revolution. In the animation below,&nbsp;at left, we are resetting our baseline for every 120 degrees of impeller rotation, matching the angular span between blades. At right<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">, we&nbsp;reset the baseline at the start of each blade revolution to see how much the pressure on the impeller fluctuates with each full blade turn. The outline shows the starting position of the blades and serves as a useful time marker. Looking at these time differences side-by-side, we can get a sense of the magnitude and local variation of pressure on the impeller for two different time scales. These spatial and temporal layers of information give us some insight into possible fatigue issues and will likely lead us in the direction of further analyses to better understand failure risks over a wider range of operating conditions and impeller design parameters.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/videos.mentor-cdn.com\/mgc\/videos\/5400\/e9833ea8-b158-4f6e-8bef-933f40ad5cc0-en-US-video.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">We&#8217;ve used our new Simcenter STAR-CCM+ v13.06 capability\u00a0to load, map and store <em>surface-based simulation history<\/em> (simh) results\u00a0to look at differences between\u00a0operating conditions, designs and time steps.\u00a0I\u2019d be remiss here if I didn\u2019t note that doing these kinds of operational sweeps and design variations fits very well with our existing Design Manager capabilities.\u00a0Today, it is possible that we could have looked at a much broader combination of operating conditions, varying blade pitch. In short, it&#8217;s\u00a0easy to generate\u00a0lots of data.\u00a0With our ability to store <em>surface-based<\/em>\u00a0as opposed to <em>volume-based<\/em> information, we&#8217;re making it practical to store more compact artifacts that can be archived and easily retrieved for later in-depth analyses.\u00a0And that makes\u00a0<strong>all the difference<\/strong> when it comes to\u00a0understanding and confidently proving which designs and operating conditions are the ones you should\u00a0invest in.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">You can also learn&nbsp;more about how Solution History (simh) can help&nbsp;your quantitative analyses by working with less data, please check out <strong><a title=\"Less is more only when more is too much in STAR-CCM+ v12.06\" href=\"https:\/\/sie.ag\/2P5Hlof\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Less is more only when more is too much in STAR-CCM+ v12.06<\/a><\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To learn more about how you can benefit from using Solution History (simh) workflows with your derived parts, please check out <strong><a title=\"Solution History Support for Derived Parts in STAR-CCM+ v11.04\" href=\"https:\/\/sie.ag\/2J8dsOs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Solution History Support for Derived Parts in STAR-CCM+ v11.04<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\"><strong>[1]<\/strong> Tufte, Eduard R.,&nbsp;<em><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif\">Envisioning Information<\/span><\/em>. 5<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 9.0pt;font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">th<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;color: #3e3e3e\">&nbsp;edn. Graphics Press, 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Can you see the differences between each of the three images in the picture below? Backing up a bit, you\u2019re looking at the&nbsp;pressure&nbsp;contours on the bottom of an impeller in a mixing tank. E&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23421,"featured_media":1027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spanish_translation":"","french_translation":"","german_translation":"","italian_translation":"","polish_translation":"","japanese_translation":"","chinese_translation":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[5,242],"industry":[],"product":[513],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-1023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-cae-simulation","tag-computational-fluid-dynamics-cfd","product-simcenter-star-ccm"],"featured_image_url":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/09\/A320_3bl_v1306_k019s@330RPM_Pressure@blades_underneath_logo-1.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23421"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1023"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16761,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1023\/revisions\/16761"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1023"},{"taxonomy":"industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry?post=1023"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=1023"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sw.siemens.com\/simcenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}